Exploring the “Gansu Model” for Financial Accurate Poverty Alleviation Interview with Jiang Zaiyong, President of Lanzhou Central Branch of the People's Bank of China

Going to Gansu, it not only carries the historical glory of the Hexi Corridor, but also leaves behind the thousands of gullies that have been washed away by the years. The people on this piece of yellow land 603,883, in the face of arid climate, can only "depend on the day to eat", life is tight. The task of “pull the poor and change the poor” is very arduous. Therefore, the work of getting rid of poverty has been placed in the top priority of Gansu Province.

In order to help Gansu win the battle against poverty, the Lanzhou Central Branch of the People's Bank of China used systematic and overall thinking to plan financial poverty alleviation work in the new era, and guided financial institutions to accurately link the “Liancun joint households, benefit the people and the people” implemented by Gansu Province, “1236 The three major actions, namely, poverty alleviation and "1+17" precision poverty alleviation, aim at the financial needs of poor households, innovate credit poverty alleviation mechanisms, and explore a financial precision poverty alleviation model that is in line with Gansu's development reality and unique Gansu characteristics.

In practice, how does Gansu's financial industry carry out financial precision poverty alleviation? As the leading unit of Gansu financial precision poverty alleviation, what kind of guiding role does the Lanzhou Central Branch of the People's Bank of China play? In the face of the current situation of financial poverty alleviation in deep poverty areas, what measures and means will Gansu take? A few days ago, this reporter interviewed Jiang Zaiyong, president of the Lanzhou Central Branch of the People's Bank of China, and listened to him telling the story of Gansu's financial precision poverty alleviation.

Focus on four directions to find the focus of financial precision and poverty alleviation

"Financial poverty alleviation is more precise and more precise. Only by accurately connecting the financial needs of poor areas and poor people, the financial and poverty alleviation policies and measures can be targeted to achieve effective results." Jiang Zaiyong told reporters that since 2013, the People's Bank of China Lanzhou In the implementation of the financial poverty alleviation work of the head office and the formulation of local credit poverty alleviation policies, the central branch has implemented the word “precision” and formed the poverty alleviation work of “precise policy support, accurate credit delivery, accurate financial services, and accurate credit cultivation”. pattern. On March 31, 2016, Vice Premier Wang Yang of the State Council, when presiding over the National Poverty Alleviation and Development Gansu On-site Meeting, evaluated financial precision and poverty alleviation as the most popular and most supportive measures for the poor people in Gansu.

"We must make full use of the fulcrum of precision and use financial leverage to incite the megalith of poverty." Jiang Zaiyong said that for how to be precise, Gansu's financial sector mainly focuses on policy support, credit orientation, financial service orientation and credit. Cultivate orientation and put the quasi-precision logic and direction.

Policy Support Orientation - Lanzhou Zhongzhi and related departments have formulated specific policies and measures for the development of financial support for special hardship areas, Tibetan areas and revolutionary old areas in response to the poverty characteristics of different regions in Gansu, and promoted financial institutions to make decisions based on local policies and policies. Their respective financial poverty alleviation priorities and areas; for three consecutive years, organized and implemented financial poverty alleviation actions, created financial poverty alleviation demonstration zones and supporting agricultural refinancing demonstration zones for poverty-stricken areas; and established financial poverty alleviation sponsorship banks in poverty-stricken counties. Aiming at the problem that some poverty-stricken counties have higher rates of returning to poverty and the poverty-stricken households are not stable, the pilot projects of financial “solid poverty alleviation and poverty alleviation” have been carried out in 13 counties.

Credit Directing--Lanzhou Zhongzhi and related departments have launched more than 10 kinds of poverty alleviation loan products such as “double-link” benefit farmers loans and “bull and sheep vegetables” industrial loans, which are mainly supported by poor households, to ensure accurate credit funds. Docking characteristic industries and farmers' needs; in 2015, the joint poverty alleviation special loan project launched by the joint finance and poverty alleviation departments has tailored each household to less than 50,000 yuan, a term of 3 years, no mortgage guarantee, and financial In 2016, the fiscal preferential interest policy was extended for two years. In 2016, the loan was put into a total of 43.8 billion yuan, which will fully cover the eligible poor people who have established the card. From this year onwards, it will be implemented. The 100 billion yuan industrial poverty alleviation special loan project for poverty-stricken counties will be used to enhance the development of the industry.

Financial Services Orientation - Lanzhou Zhongzhi and related departments guide agriculture-related financial institutions to set up 11,000 agricultural assistance service points, and deploy 55,000 self-service equipment such as ATMs and POS machines, effectively solving the financial services in poverty-stricken areas. "Km" problem; promote "Gansu Province Bank Card Agriculture Assistance and Collection Service Management Information System", strongly promote financial services to the village to the household, encourage agricultural financial institutions to set up financial convenience service points, and extend basic financial services to administrative villages in poor areas; In Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, a pilot project for the construction of “village-level Huinong Financial Service Station” was carried out to provide “one-stop” financial services for farmers and herdsmen in remote areas, so as to achieve a zero distance between poor farmers and herders and financial services.

Credit fostering orientation - Lanzhou Zhongzhi and related departments carry out the construction of rural household credit files for rural areas, and evaluate 4129 credit villages; promote the construction of rural household credit information systems, establish complete and accurate credit files for poor farmers; implement rural finance in poor areas Education “Jinhui Project” to combat financial fraud and illegal financial activities, improve farmers' financial knowledge and risk prevention awareness, and optimize the financial ecological environment in poverty-stricken areas.

Jiang Zaiyong, President of Lanzhou Central Branch of the People's Bank of China

Stimulate the vitality of innovation and build a new mechanism for financial precision and poverty alleviation

Financial poverty alleviation has always faced real problems such as high risks, high costs, and low returns. At the same time, there are multiple tests such as insufficient participation of financial institutions in poverty alleviation and insufficient credit demand of poor households. It is difficult for poor people to borrow loans and financial institutions are difficult to borrow. The dilemma is more serious. How to get rid of these bottlenecks is a key issue that the People's Bank of China Lanzhou Central Branch and the Gansu financial sector are trying to explore and solve.

"Only the mechanism for innovative finance to participate in poverty alleviation and development, let the government, banks and insurance work together to exert the combined efforts of policies, can truly solve the dilemma of insufficient financial poverty alleviation and insufficient effective demand for poverty alleviation credits." Jiang Zaiyong told reporters that in years of finance In the practice of poverty alleviation, Gansu's financial department promoted the provincial government to integrate finance into the overall strategic framework of poverty alleviation in the province, coordinated the layout, systematically planned, and explored the financial poverty alleviation mechanism of “funding of financial funds, linkage of government responsibility, and promotion of financial security”.

The financial funds are inciting, that is, in the case that the local finance is very difficult, Gansu specially arranges the implementation of fiscal interest subsidies, guarantee funds, risk compensation funds, incremental awards and premium subsidies, and integrates and uses the agriculture-related funds to innovate the use of financial funds. Inciting financial capital investment.

Jiang Zaiyong has sorted out the practical effects of the past few years for reporters. In 2012, Gansu Province and County finance raised 2.57 billion yuan to establish policy financing guarantee institutions for 58 poverty-stricken counties and districts, and promoted the Agricultural Bank of Gansu Province to innovate and launch double-linking benefit farmers loans, accumulating a total of 27.1 billion yuan of subsidized loans, benefiting 38. Farmers in poverty-stricken areas; In 2013, in response to the two major industries of cattle and sheep breeding and facility vegetables, which have a high correlation with poverty alleviation, the agriculture and animal husbandry departments jointly launched a dual industry loan, and distributed a total of 24.8 billion yuan of discount loans, benefiting 180,000 species. In 2015, the provincial finance and handling banks jointly promoted the establishment of a 2 billion yuan risk compensation fund, and incited four lending banks, including Lanzhou Bank, to distribute a total of 43.8 billion yuan of poverty alleviation loans, benefiting 960,000. In 2017, the provincial and county-level finance and economic management banks jointly invested 3 billion yuan in risk compensation funds, and promoted 5 loan-carrying banks such as CDB Gansu Branch to launch a special loan for industrial poverty alleviation with a total scale of 100 billion yuan. The project accurately connects the development of rich and poor industries in 75 poverty-stricken counties.

The linkage of government responsibility is that Gansu's financial department urges government departments to promote the construction of financing environment in poverty-stricken areas, implement the joint responsibility of poor county-level governments, and eliminate the risk concerns of financial institutions participating in poverty alleviation and development. By strengthening cooperation between banks and enterprises, the Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, China Construction Bank Gansu Branch and Gansu Bank and other financial institutions signed poverty alleviation strategic cooperation agreements with the provincial government and some poor local governments, and participated in the development and construction of poverty-stricken areas. Among them, the CDB Gansu Branch has signed a poverty alleviation strategy agreement with the provincial government and several municipal governments in poverty-stricken areas, and promised that the amount of credit will exceed 100 billion yuan to support rural infrastructure such as farmland water conservancy and Tongcun road in poor areas and beautiful. Rural construction.

The promotion of financial security is to strengthen the insurance guarantee work, explore the “precise drip irrigation” poverty alleviation model for agricultural insurance, and promote the production of Chinese herbal medicines in the country, vigorously develop aquaculture crop insurance, poverty alleviation microfinance guarantee insurance, farm housing insurance, and explore development. Specialized insurances such as vegetable price insurance and apple planting comprehensive insurance have launched more than 20 financial subsidy insurance types at all levels, providing more than 80 billion yuan in agricultural risk protection and more than 2 million insured farmers, helping poor farmers to enhance their risk tolerance. Consolidate the results of poverty alleviation.

"Practice proves that the cooperation mechanism of government, finance and finance is the most important experience created by Gansu's financial precision poverty alleviation. This mechanism effectively disperses the risks of precision poverty alleviation loans and industrial poverty alleviation loans, and stimulates the participation of financial institutions in credit poverty alleviation. Sexuality and enthusiasm. Jiang said that since the "12th Five-Year Plan", the central and provincial finances have invested nearly 20 billion yuan in increments of agricultural credits and targeted subsidies, which has incited the province's financial institutions to distribute various types of poverty alleviation. The discount loan is more than 130 billion yuan, benefiting more than 2 million farmers.

Jiang Zaiyong (second from left) in the Modern Agriculture Demonstration Park of Dongzhuang Village, Jinping Town, Chongxin County, Pingliang City

Play a leading role in condensing financial precision and poverty alleviation

As the lead unit of financial precision poverty alleviation work in Gansu Province, and the leading bank of financial poverty alleviation work in Liupanshan area, Qinbashan area and the poverty alleviation and development financial service cooperation bank of the four provinces, the Lanzhou Central Branch of the People's Bank of China coordinated the promotion of financial precision in Gansu and the special hardship areas. The importance of poverty alleviation is self-evident.

"We focus on strengthening the top-level design of the province's financial precision poverty alleviation work, and through the establishment of a scientific financial poverty alleviation policy system, organizational system, and incentive mechanism, to unite the province's financial precision and poverty alleviation." Jiang Zaiyong said that the People's Bank of Lanzhou Central Branch has three consecutive In the year, the financial precision and poverty alleviation was the first work of the Bank, and the overall planning and policy guidance for the province's financial poverty alleviation work was continuously strengthened. On the basis of directly increasing the support of the central bank's policies, it also gives full play to the role of coordination and promotion, and guides the financial institutions across the province to conscientiously implement the work arrangements of the Party Central Committee, the State Council, the provincial party committee and the provincial government on poverty alleviation and development of financial services, and promote financial resources. Poor areas are tilted.

Jiang Zaiyong introduced to reporters that in the poverty alleviation work in the poverty-stricken areas, the Lanzhou Central Branch of the People's Bank of China researched and formulated the financial support for the Liupanshan area, the Qinbashan area, the four provinces, and the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia district in response to the different poverty conditions in the three major districts of the province. The specific policies and measures for poverty alleviation and development in key poverty-stricken areas such as the old revolutionary areas and ethnic minorities have established a cross-provincial financial poverty alleviation cooperation mechanism of “horizontal coordination and vertical linkage”, and formed a relatively complete financial poverty alleviation policy system.

In order to make good use of the central bank's monetary policy, the Lanzhou Center Sub-branch of the People's Bank of China has earnestly implemented various incentive policies such as targeted RRR cuts, differential deposit reserves, preferential interest rates for agricultural loans, and actively seeks poverty alleviation re-loan limits from the head office to ensure that the central bank is low. The cost policy funds are all used to support the poverty alleviation in poverty-stricken areas and guide financial resources to gather in poverty-stricken areas. Since the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan”, Gansu Province has issued more than 100 billion yuan of loans for supporting agriculture (poverty alleviation), of which more than 90% have invested in poverty-stricken areas, driving the average annual growth rate of loans in poverty-stricken areas in Gansu to exceed 25%.

Targeting deep poverty and opening a new journey of financial precision and poverty alleviation

"Poverty alleviation has reached the critical stage of attacking the country. At present, our most important goal is to focus on deep poverty areas, pool financial resources, strengthen tackling efforts, further enhance the blood transfusion capacity of financial poverty alleviation, and fully promote Gansu to win the fight against poverty. Jiang Zaiyong told reporters that in July this year, Gansu Province identified the list and distribution of 23 deep poverty counties, 40 deep poor towns and villages and 3,720 deep poor villages. These 23 deep poverty-stricken counties are located in 9 cities and prefectures in the province. They are basically located in dry and rain-stricken areas, deep in mountains and ditch, cold and damp places, poor natural conditions, poor poverty, deep poverty, high rate of returning to poverty, and poverty alleviation. The task of tackling the hardship will be even more daunting. At the end of 2016, there were 1.4 million people without poverty alleviation in 23 deep poverty-stricken counties, accounting for 62% of the total population without poverty alleviation; the incidence of poverty was 16.7%, which was 5.8 percentage points higher than the poverty level of the province, 12 percentage points higher than the national level. .

"The financial system of the whole province has an unshirkable responsibility and historical mission for poverty alleviation. Only when financial poverty alleviation work is further extended, will it not live up to this responsibility and mission." Jiang Zaiyong said, September 25, the people The bank's Lanzhou Center Sub-branch has just held a video teleconference on financial support for poverty alleviation in deep-poor areas, which has ignited the horn of financial support for poverty-stricken areas. In the next step, the Lanzhou Central Branch of the People's Bank of China will continue to play a leading role in building a diversified financial poverty alleviation service system, innovating financial poverty alleviation mechanisms, and exerting financial and poverty alleviation efforts to more accurately connect diversified financial needs in deep poverty areas and pay more attention to improvement. In the poverty-stricken areas, the financial poverty alleviation environment pays more attention to the combination of industrial policies, fiscal policies and financial policies, and more prominently exerts the guiding role of the central bank's monetary policy tools. With a sense of responsibility and urgency that is not waiting for the time, we will do our best to do a good job in financial poverty alleviation in deep poverty areas. .

(Editor: HN666)

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