Ring spinning, air spinning, siro spinning, compact spinning... inventory various spinning methods

1. Ring spinning:

Ring spinning is the most widely used and most common spinning method on the market. Ring spinning means that the strips of slats or rovings are drawn by the rotation of the ring-shaped traveler. The winding speed of the bobbins is faster than that of the steel loops, and the cotton yarns are twisted into spun yarns, which are widely used in the spinning of various short fibers. Yarn engineering. Such as carding, combing and blending, the wire loop is twisted by the bobbin through the gauze to rotate around the steel collar. At the same time, the friction of the steel ring makes the rotation speed slightly smaller than that of the bobbin. The spinning speed is high, and the shape of the ring yarn is a conical spiral line in which the fibers are mostly transferred inside and outside, so that the fibers are wound and joined inside and outside the yarn. The yarn has a compact structure and high strength, and is suitable for threading, weaving and knitting. Various products.

Ring spinning (combing) process:

Qing cotton--carding--pre-adhesive-------- combing--strip---roving--spinning--winding

Ring spinning (combing) process:

Cotton--cotton--draw--roving--spun yarn--winding

2, air spinning:

The air spinning does not use a spindle, but mainly depends on a plurality of components such as a carding roller, a spinning cup, and a false twist device. The opening roller is used to grab and comb the fed sliver fiber, and the centrifugal force generated by his high-speed rotation can pry the grasped fiber. The rotor is a small metal cup. Its rotation speed is more than 10 times higher than that of the opening roller. The resulting centrifugal action discharges the air in the cup. According to the principle of fluid pressure, the cotton fiber enters the airflow cup. And form a fiber stream that moves continuously along the inner wall of the cup. At this time, there is a yarn end outside the cup, which pulls out the fibers on the inner wall of the cup and connects them together. Together with the effect of the high-speed rotation of the yarn tail on the cup, it is like “feeding” the cotton fiber while adding the yarn. The wire kneads to connect the yarn to the fiber on the inner wall of the cup, draws under the winding tension of the bobbin, and continuously outputs the yarn to complete the process of air spinning.

Air spinning characteristics

Air spinning has the advantages of high speed, large yarn roll, wide adaptability, simple mechanism and no need for spindles, steel collars and wire loops, which can double the yield of spun yarn.

3. The difference between air spinning and ring spinning:

Air spinning and ring spinning are new textile technologies, one is old-fashioned spinning technology. Air spinning is air spinning, while ring spinning is mechanical spinning, which is carried out by spindles and steel bells and wire loops, and is drawn by Rolla. In the case of air spinning, the fibers are transported by airflow and held at one end by twisting. In general, the ring yarn has less hairiness, higher strength and better quality. The air spinning process is short, the raw material is short, the yarn is small, the count and the twist are not high, and the price is low.

From the yarn body structure, the ring spinning is relatively tight, and the air spinning is relatively fluffy, the style is rough, suitable for denim fabric, and the air-jet spinning yarn is generally thick.

4, air jet spinning:

Air-jet spinning is a new type of spinning method that uses a high-speed rotary airflow to twist the yarn into a yarn. The air-jet spinning is fed by a sliver, and the four-roller double short apron is over-drawn and twisted into a yarn through a fixed nozzle. After the yarn is taken out, it is wound around the bobbin through the yarn clearer and directly wound into a cheese yarn.

Air-jet spinning can be used to spin 30-7.4 tex (20-80 lb) yarn for pure spinning and blending of chemical fiber and cotton. Due to the special yarn-forming mechanism of air-jet spinning, the structure and performance of air-jet yarns are significantly different from those of ring-spun yarns, and their products have a unique style.

Characteristics of air-jet spinning and its products:

a, the spinning speed is high. Air-jet spinning uses air twisting, no high-speed rotating parts (such as wire loops in ring spinning), high-speed spinning, spinning speed of 120-300 m / min, each head is equivalent to each ring spinning 10-15 times.

b, the process is short. Compared with ring spinning, air-jet spinning has two roving and bobbin processes, saving about 30% of the plant area. Compared with the ring-spun yarn, the 90-ton workforce is reduced by about 60%, the machine material consumption is about 30% lower than that of the ring spinning, and the maintenance cost and maintenance workload are also reduced.

c. The product quality is good and has characteristics. The comprehensive evaluation of the quality of the air-jet yarn is better, except that the yarn strength is 5-20% lower than that of the ring spinning, and other quality indexes are superior to the ring yarn. The physical properties of the air-jet yarn such as the strip CV value, the coarse detail and the yarn defect are superior to the ring yarn. The hairiness of 3mm or more is less than that of the ring yarn, although the yarn strength is low, but the strength unevenness is lower than that of the ring yarn. It is suitable for the weaving of new looms such as rapier looms and air jet looms, which can improve the production efficiency of looms by more than 2%.

In addition to similar to ring-shaped yarn, the quality of air-jet spinning is unique. The air-jet yarn has a large coefficient of friction, the yarn has directionality, and its frictional performance is also directional. The wear resistance is better than the ring yarn, but the hand feel is hard.

Air-jet spinning adds some equipment, and can also develop some special varieties of yarn, such as color yarn, core yarn, mixed yarn and so on.

d, variety adapts widely. The air-jet yarn can be used both as a knit product and as a woven product. There are many applications: knitted T-shirt products, the cloth surface is even and full, no skew, less shadow, less dry, anti-pilling, cool and breathable, strong sense of three-dimensional; bedding, use air-jet gauze to dry, stiff The characteristics of the cloth surface can be obtained, the hand feels thick, the effect is good, and the breathable effect is good; the leisure products, such as: double-sided casual wear, sports wear, and the like.

Depending on the characteristics of the air-jet yarn, it is also possible to develop a unique style of product. Such as the use of the air-jet fabric's stiffness, roughness and other characteristics, it is processed into imitation linen fabrics, as well as crepe fabrics, wool-like products.

5, vortex spinning:

Vortex spinning is a new spinning method that uses a stationary vortex spinning tube instead of a high-speed rotating spinning cup for spinning. In a sense, vortex spinning is the true sense of air spinning. The fiber strip is fed by the cotton roller, and is opened into a single fiber by a puncturing roller, and is fed into the vortex tube at a high speed from the cotton pipe by the action of the air flow. The vortex tube is composed of a core tube and an outer tube. There are three tangential air inlets on the outer tube, and the lower end is connected to the air blower. The fan continuously extracts air from the tube, and the outside air enters the vortex tube along the air inlet to generate a swirling air flow. When the rotating upward airflow reaches the core tube, it merges with the fibers entering the cotton pipe, forming a coherent fiber ring along the inner wall of the vortex tube, stably surrounding the axis of the vortex tube, and rotating at a high speed to twist the fiber into a yarn. The yarn is continuously drawn from the yarn guide hole by the take-up roller and wound into a bobbin. The main feature of vortex spinning is the elimination of high speed rotating spinning parts. Due to the use of airflow twisting, the problem of rotational inertia caused by high-speed twisting components and bearing load problems (such as rotor spinning of air-jet spinning), and the problem of spinning tension due to the balloon formed by spinning are eliminated. Ring spinning).

Vortex spinning has a fast speed and high output

The spinning speed of the vortex spinning machine is 100~200m/min, and the practical speed is generally 100~160m/min. Domestically, a vortex spinning machine is used to spin 6~12 inches of yarn, the spinning speed is 100~140m/min, and the yield is 600~800 (kg/kin·h), which is equivalent to 4~5 times of the ring yarn; Spinning 40 metric acrylic yarns with 10 sets (192 heads/set) of PF-1 vortex spinning machine with a production capacity of 400kg/h. It is equivalent to the output of 20 sets (4000 heads) of BD-200 air spinning machine, which is equivalent to the output of 16 20 spindles of 40 ring spinning machines. The output of a vortex spinning head is equivalent to the output of 2.08 air spinning heads or 8.5 rings. Since vortex spinning is based on eddy current heating, the spinning speed can continue to increase as further research is improved.

Short process flow and high production rate

Vortex spinning is directly spun into a cheese yarn with fiber slivers, so like other new spinning, the two processes of roving and winding can be omitted. Due to the low rupture rate of the vortex spinning, the return loss is less, and the production rate is as high as 99% or more.

Suitable for spinning, suitable for raising products

Vortex spinning can be used to spin cotton and chemical fiber pure and blended yarns with a length of 38 to 60 mm. The yarn structure is relatively bulky, so the dyeability, the suction property and the gas permeability are better, and the pilling resistance and wear resistance of the yarn are also better. The range of the yarn count is limited to medium and low yarns, and it is suitable for the pile products. Such as 38mm long chemical fiber (acrylic, chlorin, viscose, etc.), spinning 6~12 inches of yarn, woven into fleece, velvet pants, scarves, cushions, sofa fabrics, furniture fabrics and small tablecloths, etc. product.

Simple operation and convenient joint

The vortex spinning adopts a vortex tube to form a yarn. Since the vortex tube is stationary and has no high-speed rotating parts, the joint is very convenient and simple, and it is not necessary to clean after the broken head to improve the working environment. There are no special requirements for the front spinning equipment and temperature and humidity. Since there is no high-speed rotating component in eddy current spinning, there is no problem of high-speed bearing lubrication, less wear, low noise, and convenient maintenance.

Production practices have shown that there are some limitations in the development of vortex spinning.

a. The range of suitable materials for vortex spinning is limited to short chemical fiber and medium and long fiber. Due to the quality of yarn, the competitiveness in the field of fine yarn is not strong.

b. The yarn-forming structure of the vortex spinning is relatively slack, and the uniformity of the long segment is good, but the strength is low and unstable, which limits its development to the fine yarn field.

c. Although vortex spinning uses air vortex instead of air-spinning rotor, it overcomes the problem of wear caused by high-speed rotation of air-jet spinning cup and excessive bearing load, but it cannot solve the problem of free end yarn tail eddy current. The yarn arm formed during high-speed rotation in the tube causes a problem of large centrifugal force and tension. Therefore, the spinning speed is not likely to have a breakthrough.

d. The vortex-spun yarn is too short due to poor fiber straightness, the structure of the yarn is loose, and the strength of the yarn is low. Therefore, its products are also limited, and only suitable for chemical fiber raw materials and spinning coarse numbers. A product that does not require high strength such as a knitting yarn or a thick pile yarn, or a core yarn that is spun with a filament as a core. Despite this, vortex spinning, which is also fed directly into the yarn by the sliver, has the conditions and possibilities for producing a fully automated continuous production line. The elimination of the roving frame, the spinning frame and the automatic winder reduces the floor space, labor and investment, and thus has its unique advantages, which will further replace the ring yarn and the air yarn in the field of knitting yarn. Therefore, it is necessary to continue to carry out research and improvement, overcome its disadvantages and limitations, and make it a new type of spinning method with characteristics.

6, siro spinning:

Also ordered and twisted, domestically known as A, B yarn, recently officially ordered as siro spinning. Siro spinning is to feed two rovings with a certain spacing on the spinning frame. After drawing, the two single yarns are output by the front roller, and a small amount of single yarn is required due to the transmission of the twist. After twisting, it is further twisted into a yarn of similar ply and wound on a bobbin.

The original design of siro spinning is used for wool spinning. It is characterized by less hairiness, high strength and good wear resistance. It can achieve the effect of single yarn weaving of wool yarn to realize the lightening and thinning of wool fabric. Although siro spinning has a great improvement in comparison with similar conventional yarns in many respects, there is still a certain distance to truly achieve the wool spinning single yarn without sizing. After that, the woolen fabric also gave up this method. On the other hand, in blending such as T/C, CVC, etc., this method is used, because it can produce the twisting effect of the yarn after dyeing, and the hand feel is good, so it is popular, and recently, the hairiness problem is improved. For example, spinning some fibers that are easy to produce hairiness, such as rayon, modal, tencel, soy fiber, and even cotton, are produced by this method. The grade of the raw material used for the siro yarn can be lower than that of the conventional ring, and the fabric is more conventional than the ring. The ingot strand fabric has less hairiness, soft touch, abrasion resistance and good air permeability.

Siro spinning break

Since the siro spinning is fed into the spinning drafting zone by two strips with a certain spacing, respectively, the yarn is twisted and then twisted, and the two strands have one broken yarn and the other single yarn is run. In the case of stable spinning tension, the head is constantly turned, resulting in wrong yarn. To ensure the quality of the spinning, a siro spinning single yarn breaking device is required, and after the broken head, the breaking device can hit another single yarn. Broken.

7, compact spinning:

Compact spinning is a new spinning technology for spinning on an improved new ring spinning machine. The spinning mechanism is mainly: adding a fiber agglomeration zone in front of the traction device of the ring spinning machine, which substantially eliminates the spinning and twisting triangle zone between the front roller and the twisting point. After the fiber strand is output from the front front of the front roller, it passes through the apron of the special-shaped suction pipe jacket, and the bead moves on the mesh apron. Due to the shrinkage and polymerization of the airflow, the whisker is gathered by the suction groove of the shaped pipe. Rotating, gradually changing from a flat strip to a cylinder, the ends of the fibers are plunged into the yarn, so the yarn is very tight, and the yarn has a smooth appearance and less hairiness. Compact yarns have higher strength and less hairiness. The phenomenon of sanding is the least likely to occur during the weaving process.

The purpose of compact spinning is to make the fibers as parallel and close as possible before twisting the yarn, which is an important criterion for high quality compact spun yarns. Keeping the fibers as parallel and consistent as possible is a prerequisite for their advantages before twisting.

Advantages and disadvantages of compact spinning

advantage:

a.Because before the twisting, the single fibers in the gauze are fully straightened, parallel to each other, and closely arranged, so at the clamping jaw of the twisting roller (also called the drag roller, because it has the function of preventing the transmission of the twist), the yarn The diameter of the strip becomes very small, so the "twisting triangle" is basically eliminated. Since the single fibers are sufficiently straightened and parallel before twisting, no hairiness protrudes from the main body of the sliver, so the yarn has little hairiness, especially 3 mm or more. Very little hairiness.

b. In the spun yarn, since the individual fibers are twisted in a straight and parallel state, when the single yarn is subjected to the tensile force, the strength of each single fiber is substantially the same, so the compact spinning strength is higher than that of the conventional single yarn. Moreover, since the single fibers in the compact yarn are closely arranged and have a large mutual force, this also contributes to the strength of the yarn.

c. In the compact spinning process, the sliver is aggregated after the completion of the drafting specified by the process, so the index of unevenness of the strip is not greatly improved, but the sliver is arranged in the gathering area. Moreover, when the crucible is twisted at the clamping jaw, the inner and outer layers of the fiber are not transferred by the conventional process, so the tight yarn is uneven, and the coarse and detailed indexes are better than the conventional yarn.

d. Due to the above characteristics of the compact yarn, it provides very good conditions for the next process, and the tight yarn has less hairiness, so the pressure on the sizing, singeing and the like is reduced, and the use of the compact yarn in the weft of the shuttleless loom is greatly reduced. The resistance of weft insertion improves the efficiency of the weaving machine.

e. Because the compact yarns are closely arranged and have a smaller diameter than the conventional yarn of the same number, the cloth woven with the same warp and weft density has good air permeability, and the cloth surface is smooth and smooth, which is an ideal yarn for high-grade textiles. .

Disadvantages:

a. The cost of compact spinning equipment is high, which increases the equipment investment of the spinning mill.

b. In addition to the great improvement of the hairiness index, other indicators of the yarn such as dry, coarse and fine details have not improved much.

8. Comparison of siro spinning, compact spinning and compact siro spinning:

a. Siro spinning is a spinning method in which a yarn similar to a strand structure is spun on a conventional ring spinning machine. The siro spinning technology was first applied to wool spinning and gradually applied to cotton spinning. Siro spinning uses two rovings to feed from the bell mouth. In the front and rear drafting zone, the two strips are separated. After the length is output from the front jaws, they are combined and twisted by the same spindle to form a double. The skein of the structure of the strand. Synchronous twisting of siro spinning makes the yarn have a special structure. The surface of the siro spinning yarn is neatly arranged, the yarn structure is tight, the hairiness is less, and the pilling is good. Compared with the strand fabric, the siro textile is soft and smooth. Siro spinning can be used for woven and knitted fabrics, and can also be used for high-density and high-density fabrics instead of strands.

b. Compact spinning technology is a new type of ring spinning technology based on traditional ring spinning. Simply speaking, it is the fiber-densified spinning technology that is produced by drawing the spinning frame, that is, by adding suction means before the twisting of the strands, and by controlling the negative pressure, the loose fibers are gathered and cohesive, and the fibers are controlled. The area is fully stretched and the twisted triangle on the traditional spinning machine is reduced, and the fibers are twisted in a parallel tight state. Due to the uniform force and tightness of the fibers in the strip, the structure and quality of the yarn are improved, hairiness, strength, dryness, wear resistance, and the appearance of the yarn is significantly improved.

c. Close siro spinning is a combined process spinning method combining compact spinning and siro spinning. The yarn spun by this technology combines the excellent characteristics and quality of two spinning methods with traditional ring ingots. Compared with the single yarn and the siro yarn, the compact yarn has less hairiness, higher strength and more siro-spinning effect. It is an ideal raw material for spinning high-grade fabrics and has a good development prospect.